![]() In this review, we discuss several issues of phage and phage-derived protein application approaches in therapy, diagnostics and biotechnology in general. There is also much interest in proteins encoded by lysis cassette genes (holins, endolysins, spanins) responsible for progeny release during the phage lytic cycle. There are at least five major groups of such enzymes – peptidoglycan hydrolases, endosialidases, endorhamnosidases, alginate lyases and hyaluronate lyases – that have application potential. Vimr: 2 pWV200b: K1 neuA cloned into pKK322 EcoRI-HindIII sites: 31 pWV213: K92 neuS TA TOPO cloned into pCR XL TOPO: 16 pWV231: Endo-N-acetylneuraminidase gene of K1-5 phage TA TOPO cloned into pTrcHis2 C-terminal His 6 tag: This study for description of K1-5 phage, see ref. For the cloning of large DNA fragments, up to about 20 kb, much of the nonessential. The cos ends allow the DNA to be circularized in the host cell. At its ends are the cos (cohesive) sites, which consist of 12 bp cohesive ends. coli populations found in various environments. coli cells, can be used as cloning vector. Escherichia coli collection of reference (ECOR) is a standard collection of 72 wild-type E. Encouraging performances were noted especially for phage enzymes involved in the first step of viral infection responsible for bacterial envelope degradation, named depolymerases. It was found that 34 strains could produce plaque-forming phages among them, 14 strains were newly discovered to harbor lysogenic phages capable of entering the lytic cycle. Moreover, the development of molecular biology and novel generation methods of sequencing has opened up new possibilities in the design of engineered phages and recombinant phage-derived proteins. Researchers have also investigated the application of non-lytic phages and temperate phages, with promising results. Many papers have been published proving the high antibacterial efficacy of lytic phages tested in animal models as well as in the clinic. The idea of using natural bacterial pathogens such as bacteriophages is already well known. ![]() Therefore, we are forced to develop an alternative or supportive treatment for successful cure of life-threatening infections. Nosocomial and community-acquired infections are usually caused by multidrug resistant strains. Currently, the bacterial resistance, especially to most commonly used antibiotics has proved to be a severe therapeutic problem.
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